Arise! Awake! and stop not until the goal is reached- Swami Vivekananda
Coronary Artery Disease is the most common acquired disease of modern era. Depending on the severity of ischaemia, it can present as- Chronic Stable Angina Chronic Unstable Angina Vasospastic Angina Myocardial Infarction ECG is an important, easily available and reliable tool for diagnosing and planning treatment of a patient with CAD. However, clinical judgement other …
The Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is an electrocardiographic syndrome which is the expression of an anomalous atrioventricular conduction pathway, congenital in origin. This pathway forms a bypass which enables the supraventricular impulse to bypass the AV node, bundle of His and distal conducting system, and so activate or pre-excite the ventricles. The anomalous bypass is also known …
Electrical Alternans is an electrocardiographic manifestation in which there is alternation in the amplitude of the QRS complex, the T wave alone, OR Both QRS and T wave. It often accompanies fast rates and then has no prognostic significance. When found with slow rates, it connotes organic heart disease with an adverse prognosis. Electrical Alternans …
Hypothermia ECG manifestations of Hypothermia are:- Development of J wave :- J wave or Junctional wave or Osborne wave is a hump-like deflection which occurs at the junction of the distal limb of the QRS complex with the ST segment. The amplitude of this deflection is proportional to the degree of hypothermia. It is consistently …
Digitalis Effect ECG in digitalis is manifested as:- Straight downwards slope with a sharp terminal rise like mirror image of a check or correction mark. This does not coonote toxicity and is seen in digitalis therapeutic doses. However, if the beginning of ST segment with the inverse check mark configuration is already depressed below the …
The ECG manifestations in a patient of COPD:- Decreaesd magnitude of the electrocardiographic deflections The frontal plane P, QRS and T wave axes are all commonly directed to +90 degree P pulmonale :- best seen in inferior leads and is the expression of right atrial enlargement Right Axis Deviation (RAD) Left Axis Deviation (LAD) may …
Massive and Acute Pulmonary Embolism results in acute dilatation of the right atrium and ventricle, followed by reflex vasoconstriction of the pulmonary arterioles due to mediators such as serotonin and catecholamines that are released in response to the decreased perfusion of the lungs.
MVP refers to a systolic billowing of one or both mitral leaflets into left atrium with or without mitral regurgitation. The prevalence of this entity is 1% to 2.5% in the population The disease can be primary or secondary in occurence. The primarry MVP syndrome is autosomal inherited while the secondary causes may be due …
Systemic Hypertension may manifest electrocardiographically in the following manner:- Electrocardiographic signs of left venticular hypertrophy due to systolic overload Electrocardiographic signs of left atrial abnormality Left Axis Deviation because of chronic systemic hypertension ECG features of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy There are deep S waves in the right oriented leads Tall R waves in the left …
Cardiac failure is not a disease but a manifestation of underlying disease of the heart or the circulatory system. Common causes of heart failure are coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathies, valvular heart disease and hypertensive heart disease. A normal ECG is very unlikely in a patient of left ventricular dysfunction and hyas a negative predictive value …
Myocarditis is an under-recognised cardiac disease which can present from asymptomatic form to acute pump failure with gross ECG changes Myocarditis causes a diffuse, but patchy involvement of myocardium including atrium, ventricles and the conducting system. ECG Presentation of Mocarditis:- 1. Abnormalities of QRS complex Increase in QRS duration Bizzare intaventricular conduction defects Pathological Q …
Inflammation of the pericardium occurs due to various causes and characteristically presents with chest pain. ECG in pericarditis is further discussed under following headings :- Acute Pericarditis Chronic pericarditis with Pericardial Effusion Cardiac Tamponade Constrictive Pericarditis Acute Pericarditis Acute pericarditis is caused due to autoimmune, infective or idiopathic reasons, most common being the idiopathic. Most …