ECG

Basic Principles of ECG

This is an article about the basic principles of ECG which include normal and abnormal P wave, QRS complex, T wave and U waves. I hope you’ll enjoy reading this article. It is printed on grid paper called the ECG strip or ECG tracing. The process of producing an electrocardiogram is termed electrocardiography. It is a non-invasive medical procedure performed by recording the cardiac impulses on the surface of our body using specialized electrodes over specific regions of our body. Basic Principles of ECG- P Wave P wave Overview: The P wave is the first positive deflection on the ECG and … Read more

ECG in Sinus Arrhythmias

Sinus Arrhythmias means the rhythms or arrhythmias which originate from the sinoatrial node, travel to atrioventricular node and then via bundle of his and purkinjee fibres activates the ventricles to complete the depolarisation and repolarisation cycle. Because it is following the natural path which is fast and specialised to conduct the impulse in a certain way, this kind of rhythm is referred to as sinus rhythm. If the rhythm is somehow not regular and periodic in time but is originating from sinoatrial node, it is known as sinus arrhythmias. What is a Normal Sinus Rhythm? Normal sinus rhythm is reflected … Read more

Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB)

LBBB ECG :- Left Bundle Branch Block or LBBB is the result of a delay or interruption of conduction within the left bundle branch. In complete LBBB, the duration of QRS is >120ms and in incomplete LBBB it is between 100 and 120 ms.   Complete LBBB ECG features :- Significance of complete LBBB- Incomplete Left Bundle branch Block- In the case of incomplete LBBB, conduction through the left bundle branch and its ramifications is still possible but will be delayed. This is in cintrast to complete LBBB where conduction through the left sided specialised conduction system is no longer … Read more

Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome (WPW) – The Great Mimicker

The Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is an electrocardiographic syndrome which is the expression of an anomalous atrioventricular conduction pathway, congenital in origin. This pathway forms a bypass which enables the supraventricular impulse to bypass the AV node, bundle of His and distal conducting system, and so activate or pre-excite the ventricles. The anomalous bypass is also known as the Bundle of Kent, is a thin filamentous structure which may be situated ectopically anywhere along the atrioventricular ring – the fibrous junction separating the atria from the ventricles. Basic ECG presentation of WPW Syndrome Other pathologies mimicked by WPW syndrome

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is a hereditary disorder that is typically inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion with variable penetrance and expressivity. The hallmark of the disorder is myocardial hypertrophy that is inappropriate, often asymmetrical, and occurs in the absence of an obvious inciting hypertrophy stimulus. This hypertrophy can occur in any region of the left or right ventricle, but frequently involves the interventricular septum, which in nearly quarter of patients results in an obstruction of flow through the left ventricular outflow tract. Mutations involving genes coding for sarcomeric proteins accounts for most cases of HCM. ECG manifestations of HCM: Ventricular Hypertrophy … Read more