ECG

LPFB- Left Posterior Fascicular Block ECG

Left Posterior Fascicular Block Common mistakes in Left Posterior Fascicular Block ECG of (LPFB)Left Posterior Fascicular Block Frontal or limb leads: Right axis deviation >90° with negative or rS complex in I and aVL and qR in III and aVF. The QRS complexes are not widened. Other causes of right axis deviation have been excluded. Horizontal or precordial leads: The precordial leads are not necessary in the diagnosis of Left Posterior Fascicular Block. Figure 9.12: Right Ventricular Hypertrophy. The frontal leads show all features of left posterior fascicular block. However, tall R waves are present in V1, suggesting right ventricular … Read more

LAFB- Left Anterior Fascicular Block ECG

Left Anterior Fascicular Block (LAFB) Left Anterior Fascicular Block occurs when the sinus impulse is delayed or interrupted within the left anterior fascicle. LAFB is the most common intraventricular conduction abnormality because the left anterior fascicle is a long and thin structure that is more delicate and more vulnerable to injury than the rest of the conduction system. Electrocardiogram findings LAFB alters the electrocardiogram (ECG) by abnormally shifting the axis of the QRS complex to the left of –30°. The most important leads in detecting the abnormal left axis deviation are leads II and aVL. Lead II: This is the … Read more

Cardiac Channelopathies made Easy

Ion channels are pore forming proteins that provide pathways for the controlled movement of ions into and out of cells. Diseases caused by mutations in genes that encode ion channel subunits or regulatory proteins are reffered to as channelopathies. Cardiac Channelopathies and Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) Arrhythmogenesis in cardiac channelopathies: Cardiac Channelopathies of clinical significance: Cardiac Channelopathies: Brugada Syndrome ( BrS ) ECG manifestations in Brugada Syndrome:- ST segment and T wave are typically involved in Brugada Syndrome and pattern of ST-T changes can be any one of the following:- Cardiac Channeloapthies: Long QT Syndrome ( LQTS ) LQTS is … Read more

Right Ventricular Hypertrophy ECG | RVH ECG made easy

Right Ventricular Hypertrophy ECG (RVH ECG) In this article, Right Ventricular Hypertrophy ECG (RVH ECG) will be discussed in detail including pulmonary embolism, COPD and biventricular hypertrophy. Right ventricular hypertrophy: Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) is recognized in the ECG by the following findings (Fig. 1). Abnormalities in the QRS complex Abnormalities in the P wave Abnormalities in the ST segment and T wave Figure 2: Right Ventricular Hypertrophy ECG (RVH ECG): Three types of right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) are shown. (A) Type A RVH. (B) Type B RVH. (C) An example of type C RVH. This is end of another … Read more

ECG Axis Interpretation

ECG Axis Interpretation ECG Axis Interpretation using the schematic illustration demonstrates the relationship between QRS axis and the frontal leads of the ECG. Normal Axis = QRS axis between -30° and +90°.Left Axis Deviation = QRS axis less than -30°.Right Axis Deviation = QRS axis greater than +90°.Extreme Axis Deviation = QRS axis between -90° and 180° (AKA “Northwest Axis”). Methods of ECG Axis Interpretation There are several complementary approaches to estimating QRS axis, which are summarized below: Method 1 of ECG Axis Interpretation– The Quadrant Method The most efficient way to estimate axis is to look at LEAD I … Read more