Prepladder vs Marrow? Which is better for you?

Prepladder vs Marrow :- Which is better? Pepladder vs Marrow. Prepladder and Marrow, both are leading online platforms for NEET PG coaching. Both the platforms despite sharing online mode of coaching are quite a lot different when given a closer look. Let’s see how are they different and which one suits your needs better. Prepladder vs Marrow: A review of Marrow:- Prepladder vs Marrow: A review of Prepladder:- Prepladder Rapid Revision Course is also very helpful to study all important questions in one one section in very less time.Revision is the most important part and prepladder videos are best for … Read more

ECG in Hypocalcemia

Hypocalcemia is defined as a calcium level below the normal range. The normal serum calcium level varies from 8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL and the normal level of ionized calcium is 4.2 to 4.8 mg/dL.

ECG in Hypercalcemia

Overview of Hypercalcemia Hypercalcemia refers to the presence of elevated calcium level above normal. The normal level of total serum calcium varies from 8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL or for ionized calcium 4.2 to 4.8 mg/dL. When extracellular calcium is increased, the duration of the action potential is shortened. Shortening of the action potential duration results in shortening of the QT interval. The ECG findings of hypercalcemia include (Figs. 1 and 2): Shortening of the QT interval. This is due to shortening of phase 2 of the action potential corresponding to the ST segment in the ECG. Elevation of the ST … Read more

ECG in Hypokalemia

Overview of Hypokalemia Hypokalemia is defined as the presence of serum potassium that is lower than normal. The normal value for serum potassium is 3.3 to 5.3 mmol/L. The most important ECG finding in hypokalemia is the presence of prominent U waves. As the hypokalemia becomes more profound, the amplitude of the T wave becomes lower as the size of the U wave becomes larger until both T and U waves bond together and become indistinguishable (Figs. 1 and 2). Normal U wave: The U wave follows the T wave and is the last component of ventricular repolarization. The normal … Read more

ECG in Hyperkalemia

Among the various electrolyte abnormalities, hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, hypercalcemia, and hypocalcemia are the only disorders that can cause reliable diagnostic changes in the electrocardiogram (ECG). These ECG changes can be recognized well before the results of the laboratory tests become available. The severity of these electrolyte abnormalities usually parallels the changes in the ECG. A simple rule to remember regarding the effect of these electrolyte abnormalities on the ECG is that when increased levels are present (hyperkalemia or hypercalcemia), the QT interval is shortened. Inversely, when decreased levels of these electrolytes are present (hypokalemia or hypocalcemia), the QT interval is prolonged. … Read more